Executive Summary
Foreword
Introduction
Rankings
Two Pillars
Safety
Fleet Management
City Snapshots
What This Means
Outlook
Methodology
Fuel data confirms what the efficiency scores suggest: less efficient road networks waste more fuel.
The waste is clearest when isolated to idle fuel — fuel burned while stationary:
London is the least fuel-efficient city for passenger vehicles at 15.60 L/100km, nearly 2.4x the Paris figure of 6.51 L/100km. Longer average trip distances in Paris and Madrid allow engines to reach operating temperature; London’s stop-and- go environment never allows this. Rome carries the worst congestion in the study and the least idle waste for trucks (2.8%). Slow- but-flowing traffic is more fuel-efficient than stop- and-start gridlock. Paris trucks waste nearly 1 in 5 litres while stationary. The Périphérique’s stop-and- go delivery environment is at its most damaging. Connected vehicles in this study burned an estimated 1.58 million litres of fuel while stationary in 2025 — approximately €2.6 million at that year’s European average fuel prices. Commercial trucks accounted for around €600,000 in wasted diesel; passenger and service vehicles a further €2 million in wasted petrol.
Trucks (idle fuel as % of total):
Passenger vehicles (idle fuel as % of total):
13.6%
18.2%
1 London
Paris
1
13.2%
2 Berlin
Amsterdam
12.5%
2
12.9%
3 Dublin
London
11.1%
3
10.5%
4 Amsterdam
Berlin
8.5%
4
8.2%
5 Madrid
Dublin
5.8%
5
7.9%
6 Rome
Rome
2.8%
6
5.7%
7 Paris
Madrid
2.8%
7
European Urban Freight Efficiency Index
9
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