Executive Summary
Foreword
Introduction
Rankings
Two Pillars
Safety
Fleet Management
City Snapshots
What This Means
Outlook
Methodology
Methodology
Dimension 1: How traffic flows [ 75% of vehicle score]
Dimension 2: What congestion costs [ 25% of vehicle score]
Measures how easily vehicles move through the network. Comprises three sub- components:
Measures waste produced by vehicles in the system, focusing on mid-trip idling. Higher idle ratios signal congestion, poor signal timing and bottlenecks.
Congestion burden (AUC) — 50% weight — cumulative congestion across the day.
Overall score = (Passenger score x 0.60) + (Truck score x 0.40)
Uncongested windows (Hours Below Threshold) — 25% weight — hours per day with free-flowing traffic.
The 60/40 weighting reflects that most road demand comes from passenger vehicles, while the truck component captures logistics efficiency. Scores are evaluated separately because the same road network can perform very differently for cars versus heavy vehicles.
Travel Time Variability — 25% weight — predictability of journey times.
Data caveats: –
Sample, not census: Geotab data represents a sample of connected vehicles. Scores are normalised and relative. Full-year analysis: All scores based on full-year 2025 data (Jan–Dec), smoothing seasonal variation, holidays and one-off events. City-level aggregation: Scores represent the overall urban road network. Individual corridors or districts may differ. Vehicle classification: Based on Geotab device configuration. Mixed-use vehicles are excluded.
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Congestion threshold: Defined as average travel times exceeding 120% of free-flow conditions, validated against known peak-hour patterns.
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– Fuel cost calculations: Idle fuel costs were estimated using 2025 average pump prices from the European Commission’s Weekly Oil Bulletin (EU average: diesel €1.55/L, petrol €1.63/L) for EU cities, and the UK Government’s Weekly Road Fuel Prices dataset (diesel 143p/L, petrol 135p/L) for London. UK prices converted to EUR at the 2025 average GBP/EUR rate of 1.185.
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European Urban Freight Efficiency Index 21
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